Epoxy
Epoxy adhesives are a major part of the class of adhesives called "structural adhesives" or "engineering adhesives" (which also includes polyurethane, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, and other chemistries.) These high performance adhesives are used in the construction of airplanes, automobiles, bikes, golf clubs, skis, snow boards, and many other applications where high strength bonds are required. Epoxy adhesives are almost unmatched in heat and chemical resistance among common adhesives.
Epoxies are used in the construction of Belegarth weapons at extremely high-stress points.
Epoxies are sold in many hardware stores, typically as two component kits. They are also sold in many boat shops as repair resins for marine applications. A well-known brand is JB-Weld.
For people with a hobby store nearby, epoxy is one the primary adhesives used for model airplane contruction. Hobby stores carry multiple varieties of epoxy.